Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1900 by J. M. PEEBLES, M. D., In the office of the Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C.

			J. M. PEEBLES, M.D., M.A., PH.D.

			Vaccination a Curse AND A MENACE TO Personal Liberty
		WITH
				Statistics Showing Its Dangers and Criminality By J. M. PEEBLES, M.D., M.A., PH.D. AUTHOR OF Five Journeys Around the World; The Seers of the Ages; Death Defeated, or the Secret of How to Keep Young; Ninety Years Young and Healthy—How and Why; etc., etc.
						TENTH EDITION 1913
					PEEBLES PUBLISHING COMPANY 5719 Fayette St., Los Angeles, California, U. S. A. Wholesale: Battle Creek, Michigan.

S

			PREFACE.
		No man, conscious of his moral integrity, intellectual abil- ity and studied efforts to benefit humanity, will ever apologize for speech or book; hence I make no apology for publishing the following pages. The vaccination practice, pushed to the front on all oc- casions by the medical profession, and through political conni- vance made compulsory by the state, has not only become the chief menace and gravest danger to the health of the rising gen- eration, but likewise the crowning outrage upon the personal liberty of the American citizen. The immediate occasion which induced me to take up the pen against this great medical evil of the times, was the clos- ing of the public schools in San Diego, Cal., (February, 1899), against all children who failed to show a certificate of vaccina- tion. Emerging from that heated contest, with my feelings and convictions roused to their highest tension, these pages were thrown off at welding heat; and if they are pervaded with sar- casm and irony as well as sterling fact and solid argument, they will serve all the better for popular appeal to the masses, who need rousing to a realizing sense of the unmitigated scourge that lurks on the point of the vaccinator's lancet. The general public are not aware; the householders of the land have not given this subject that attention which, as parents and guard- ians of little children, it is their solemn duty to do. I send forth this book to open their eyes, to rouse their conscience, and to discover to them a cruel and insidious enemy where they have been cajoled into the belief they have a friend. For the last thirty years I have made a practical study of the workings of vaccination in the various countries of the globe. I have personally investigated it in Trebizonde, Asiatic

		6                                                       PREFACE. Turkey, while there holding a Consular appointment under General Grant; in South Africa; in New Zealand and Aus- tralia; in British India and Ceylon; in Egypt, China and the countries of Europe; in Mexico and the Islands of the Pacific, not omitting our own United States. I have for many years been familiar with the heroic struggle of reformers in England for the repeal of the compulsory enforcement of vaccination, for resistance to which thousands among the laboring poor have been fined and imprisoned. In all hot countries the princi- pal mode is from "Arm to Arm" vaccination, on account of the unruly, uncertain behaviour of the ordinary putrid calf pus. This mode has spread syphilis and leprosy among the native inhabitants until the indigenous populations of the Sandwich Islands and the British West Indies are threatened with extinc- tion. Yet the fee-hunting doctors are incessantly hounding the legislatures for more stringent compulsory enactments, by which they will be enabled to inflict and repeat this degrading rite upon the defenceless natives for the enhancement of their revenues. Moreover, vaccination is a "civilized" practice. English, French, German, and American physicians, by means of com- pulsory vaccination laws which they have lobbied through the various governments and legislatures, have the masses of the people, and especially the native populations of the countries which their respective governments rule, at their mercy. The native Hindoo and the tropical islanders know full well the ca- lamitous results of arm to arm vaccination, but are powerless to protect themselves. In the United States and Great Britain, the evil assumes other and equally portentious forms which are fully set forth in the following chapters. Compulsory vaccination, poisoning the crimson currents of the human system with brute-extracted lymph under the strange infatuation that it would prevent small-pox, was one of the darkest blots that disfigured the last century. Its pall,

		PREFACE. though partially lifted, still rests like a deadly nightmare upon the body politic, and, sad to state, the medical profession—save a few of the most broad-minded and enlightened—have been the chief instigators. They encouraged it just as they en- couraged and practiced in the past profuse bleeding—just as they encouraged catharsis, with the inflamed gums, loosened teeth and the mercurial sore-mouth. And there are medical Bourbons today that will salivate. Thirty years ago physicians would not allow their fever patients a drop of cold water to cool their parched tongues. Many died pleading—begging for water, water! The majority of doctors are behind the times. They may have diplomas, but they are laggards. They are not students. Many of them prefer the billiard-room to the post-graduate course. They prefer the club-room to the medical laboratory, the cigar to the clinic. They are fossils and away behind in the researches that gladden this brilliant era. While copious bleeding with much of the old "shot-gun" practice has been relegated to the dreamless shades of the past, they still compulsorily poison with cow-pox lymph; and then piteously complain that "medical practice does not pay"—that multitudes prefer psychic physicians, hypnotic practitioners, os- teopathists, mental healers and sanitarium treatment to theirs. Of course they do. This is natural; for just in the ratio that the latter increase do graveyards grow lean and coffin-makers' occupations are in less demand. It is admitted that prevention is preferable to cure. And there is not an intelligent medical practitioner in the land who will unqualifiedly risk his reputation upon the statement that vaccination is a positive preventative of small-pox. Volumes of statistics as well as the highest medical science of this coun- try, Canada, England, and the Continent would be directly against him. The most that any physician of good standing now contends for is that vaccination modifies the disease. This

		8                                                               PREFACE. is stoutly denied. On the contrary it rather aggravates the dis- ease as there are two poisons now in the system instead of one for nature to contend against. It is sanitation, diet, pure air, calmness of mind, confidence, and cleanliness that modify the small-pox; all of which modifiers are infinitely cheaper, safer, and in every way preferable to cow-pox poison, which, if it does not kill, often marks, maims, and sows the seeds of future ec- zema, tumors, ulcers, carbuncles, cancers, and leprosy. We have at our command testimonies—scores of testi- monies—proving beyond any possible doubt that men unvacci- nated have nursed small-pox patients in hospitals at different times, for years, and never took the disease, while on the other hand we have, with the dates and figures, the most positive proof that those who had been vaccinated—vaccinated two and three times—took the disease when exposed, and died there- from. These facts are undeniable. Time, at my age, is too precious to parry words with mere ordinary physicians; hence, will only add that when laymen or medical practitioners tell me that calf-lymph vaccination, how- ever manipulated, prevents or modifies the small-pox, they most severely, painfully, try my patience. I do not tell them they are falsifiers, but do state emphatically that if I should say that cow- pox vaccination invariably prevented or modified small-pox I should consider myself either a most pitiable ignoramus or a most infamous falsifier of facts! Such is my position, and med- ical men, considering it, can pose upon just which horn of this dilemma—this downy couch—they find most comfortable The time has come for schorlarly men, for cultured, inde- pendent physicians to speak out plainly against this baleful scourge—to take a brave stand for the right and defend it though the bigot's fire be kindled, or the crimson cross again be built. Compulsory vaccination and class legislation of all kinds in the interests of any profession, are opposed to the genius of

			PREFACE.                                                       9 unfoldment, the spirit of the age, and to the Constitution of the United States. They are smitten with dry rot and stamped with the black seal of death. They are going graveward, and fee- hungering physicians are the principal mourners. This is em- phatically an age of research and progress. Nature, afire with the indwelling Divinity, and voiced by the law of evolution, says, grow—grow or die, giving place to something better. The good and the true, only, are immortal. Previous to the Reformation the state stood behind the priest and enforced his edicts, from whence thousands of vic- tims fell before the steel and the flame of a merciless persecu- tion. Today the state stands behind the commercialized, fee- hunting doctor, to enforce his vaccination fraud against the lives and health of millions of little children. It is especially for the removal of this disgraceful compulsory curse that I speak- as with a tongue of flame, that I make my earnest, impassioned plea. Restore the American citizen to his liberty in matters medical as we have guaranteed his liberty in matters religious, and then if the medical profession have any specific of value to offer, the common sense of the people will come to know and adopt it. J. M. PEEBLES, M. D.
		Our quotations from distinguished American physicians and laymen: Dr. Alexander Wilder, Dr. Leveson, Dr. Foote, Dr. Winterburn, Dr. E. M. Ripley, Dr. T. V. Gifford, Frank D. Blue, Esq., Hon. A. B. Gaston, W. H. Burr, Esq., Washington, D. C, the Rev. I. L. Peebles, Methodist Episcopal Conference, Mississippi, and others. From such English authorities as Wil- liam Tebb F. R. G. S., W. Scott Tebb M. A., M. D., (Cantab) D. P. H., Dr. Alfred R. Wallace, Dr. Creighton, Dr. Crook- shank, Dr. Ross, Dr. Hitchman, Dr. Sir J. W. Pease, Dr. Wil- liam Rowley, F. R. C. P., John Pickering, F. R. G. S., E. S. S.. F. S. A. etc., Dr. T. Mackensie, F. R. C. P. From members of

		10                                                    PREFACE. the Parliamentary Commission, and the brainiest men of Europe, are not only copious, but convincing to demonstration. The statistics in this volume, gathered from official reports and tabulated with the greatest care,—are strictly, positively relia- ble. The whole trend of the higher thought and study is against vaccination. To this end the learned Rev. I. L. Peebles, of the Mississippi M. E. Conference, says (page 28) in his crisp and stirring booklet, entitled, "Opposition to Vaccination:" "If I had ever suggested to a legislator to enact a law enforcing vac- cination, I should repent of it as long as I lived, either for being so cruel or so ignorant. Physicians and legislators who are par- ties to this filthy, poisonous butchery, and who practice it with- out having studied it most thoroughly and prayed over it most earnestly, should be ashamed of themselves. Let us remember that it is cruel enough to maim, scar, or butcher a person when he wants us to, but how much more cruel to butcher him by force!"

			CHAPTER I.
		A BRIEF SKETCH OF VACCINATION FROM JEN- NER TO THE PRESENT.—PRELIMINARY. Since the dawn of history the most dreaded scourge of mankind has been the prevalence of Zymotic diseases—small- pox, plague, yellow fever, typhus, scarlatina, diphtheria, etc. In certain years, at particular recurring periods, these diseases contribute a very large percentage to the total death rate, es- pecially among urban populations. They are contemplated in the popular mind as being so swift and merciless, that whole communities stand in helpless terror at their approach! The desolation which has sometimes been reported from distant cities is apprehended to be as complete as that left in the path of a cyclone, or like the cindered remains of a great conflagra- tion. The most dreaded among these zymotic diseases is small- pox, because it is equally present and at home in all climates. But the popular notion that small-pox was a veritable plague until inoculation and vaccination provided a "sure and infalli- ble defence" against it, is altogether erroneous. It is certainly taken far greater account of since the days of Jenner than dur- ing the eighteenth century, and there are strong reasons for concluding that the special prominence given to it of late years, is due to the clamor of doctors who desire to have the state guarantee an unfailing resource for fees by making vaccina- tion compulsory. The people cannot be too often reminded that the native

		12                                      VACCINATION A CURSE. soil wherein small-pox most thrives and fattens, is "filth." It ever follows close upon flagrant violations of the law of cleanli- ness. Where large populations are crowded in the midst of wretched surroundings, reeking with filth and vicious in their dietetic and drinking habits, there expect a fearful fatality when once the small-pox has entered their foetid precincts. The in- dividual or the community that has a wholesome diet, pure blood, sanitary surroundings, immunity from poverty and free- dom from blood poisoning incident to vaccination, need have no more fear of small-pox than from a mild attack of measles. Until scientific sanitation began to engage the attention of state and municipal authorities, the plague returned as punctually to the cities of Europe as small-pox has during the last century. Now the percentage of fatality, not only in small-pox but in all zymotic diseases, is steadily declining, as sanitation becomes more rigidly enforced in crowded districts, in spite of vaccina- tion and other silly and reactionary devices which the doctors from time to time, aided by legislation, continue to inflict on mankind. Alfred Milnes, M. D., M. A., of London, well re- marks—"What About Vaccination?" page 17: "Small-pox is one of a group of allied diseases, called the Zymotics. The name means that the disease is due to a process of fermentation. But for common-sense purposes, it is better to call these diseases by the plain English name of filth diseases. They are diseases which take their rise in filth, which are na- ture's punishment for filth, which are both frequent and virulent where filth prevails, and which can be cleared away by the clear- ing away of filth. Now, in the eighteenth century, in the latter part of which Jenner lived, it must be confessed that the English people had not yet awoke to the beauty and the necessity of cleanliness. Filth was universal, and small-pox was terrible. Not so terrible as many persons want to make out, but still a formidable danger." A. M. Ross, M. D., in his vigorous pamphlet, "Vaccination

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.            13 a Medical Delusion," writes:— "Wherever the streets are narrow, the lanes and courts filthy; where cesspits abound and filth is allowed to accumulate and ferment; where the weak, intemperate and unclean congre- gate together, and where the children are ill-fed and badly clothed—there small-pox makes its home and riots in filth and death." The modes of treatment which have from time to time been invented to combat small-pox, have been for the most part em- pirical experiments and make-shifts, without any rational found- ation in science, which have been abandoned, one after another, but not until thousands of lives were destroyed and hundreds of thousands were cursed with grievous and incurable ailments; not until self-sacrificing reformers had spent valuable lives in assailing the petrified superstitions of doctors and politicians. Once committed to an error, it is amazing with what conserva- tive persistence public bodies will continue to defend it. To re- peal a measure once adopted would seem to be a tacit confes- sion of falibility, and fallibility is a human defect which legis- lativo bodies are slow to admit. The earliest form of treating small-pox in Europe seems to have been imported from the same region the disease came from, namely, from the far East, which reached England by way of the Saracens at the time of the Crusades, or by way of the Moors who reached Spain. This earlier mode of dealing with small-pox was styled "the red cloth treatment." A priest and physician of the fourteenth century, John of Goddesden, England, wrote a treatise on this form of cure. The patient was wrapped in red cloth, while window curtatins and drapery of red were also provided for the sick room. It was thought this treatment conduced to throw the morbid symptoms out to the surface; and as matter of fact, it was sinless and harmless in comparison to the thrice accursed practice of vaccination.

			14                                      VACCINATION A CURSE. SMALL-POX INOCULATION.
		About eighty years before Jenner's discovery—1721—a practice was introduced in England, called Inoculation, which was accomplished by taking pus matter direct from small-pox patients and introducing it into the blood of healthy individ- uals. Sometimes the virus was introduced into deep incisions, but more often from the point of the lancet just under the skin. The milder method was introduced by Gatti, a French physician, and adopted by Sutton and Dimsdale in England about 1763. Small-pox inoculation, the forerunner and parent of vac- cination, like its successor, was derived from a superstition practiced by the common people, which has come to be styled "the tradition of the dairy maids." Jenner derived his earliest idea of vaccination—while yet a student of medicine—from a young country woman who had contracted cow-pox. Small- pox inoculation was derived, not from scientific experimenta- tion, but from a superstition practiced by the common people in India since the sixth century. The fad having once become the fashion, the doctors adopted and bowed to it as a fetish which must not be questioned; and after the people had thor- oughly learned by sad experience that it was a public curse and not a blessing, rose in revolt against it, still the doctors—who were now reaping a fat revenue from the practice—continued in the vigorous defence of the superstition, and in the persecu- tion and misrepresentation of the reformers who had arisen to overthrow it. Mr. Porter, who was English ambassador at Constantinople in 1755, informs us, (Gentleman's Magazine, for October of that year): "It is the tradition and opinion of the inhabitants of the country that a certain angel presides over this disease. That it is to bespeak his favor and evince their confidence that the Georgians take a small portion of variolous matter, and, by means of scarification, introduce it between the thumb and the forefinger of a sound person. The operation is

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.            15 supposed to never miss its effect. To secure beyond all uncer- tainty the good will of the angel, they hang up scarlet cloths about the bed, that being the favorite colour of the Celestial in- habitants they wish to propitiate." We may well inquire: how did this superstition reach England, obtain royal patronage, receive sanction by the Royal College of Physicians, and dominate all classes of society for more than half a century before it was finally overthrown and superceded by another superstition that has not discounted one whit the mischief which the earlier superstition had accom- plished? The story may be briefly told. One Timoni, a Greek physician in Constantinople, in a letter addressed to Dr. Wood- ward, professor of physic, first brought the subject to English notice. This letter was printed in the Philosophical Transac- tions for 1714. But the real credit—or discredit—of the intro- duction of the practice into England, was due to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, whose husband was ambassador to the Porte in 1716. Lady Montagu wrote a friend in England, de- tailing the process of "ingrafting" as a preventative against small-pox. This famous letter was written in 1717, but the in- oculation craze was not fairly inaugurated in England until 1721. In 1724 Steele congratulated Lady Mary for having "saved the lives of thousands of British subjects every year." Voltaire was in England about this time, and became an ardent worshipper of the newly imported fetish. He knew well how to reach the feminine portion of the population of his native France. He assured them that the charms of the ladies of Cir- cassia were due to this ingrafting practice, and that thousands of English girls had adopted this method of preserving their health and beauty. So it was not long before inoculation also became the rage in the kingdom of Louis XV. In the same year that inoculation reached England (1721), 244 persons were inoculated in Boston, Mass., by Dr. Boylston, of whom six died. Numerous deaths also followed the practice

		l6                                               VACCINATION A CURSE. in England, and by 1728 it became quite generally discredited; but in 1740 it again revived, and for thirty years held full sway. This revival was largely due to the luck of two doctors, Robert and Daniel Sutton, who gave minute attention to hygiene, by which their inoculated patients generally went through with a very mild form of small-pox, which all would invariably do un- der a thorough system of sanitation. But this simple secret was not generally understood in those days, and so the brothers Sutton not only received great credit, but reaped a very hand- some profit through their device of cleanliness. Their practice became very popular, receiving patronage from the nobility who paid them immense sums for their services. As small-pox induced by inoculation was infectious, the same as when taken in the natural way, enterprising inoculators persuaded whole parishes to submit to it, so that all having it at once, none would be expected to catch it by subsequent exposure. {The rich har- vest of money accruing from the practice, therefore, became a powerful motive in the defence and perpetuation of the sys- tem, precisely as vaccination today, enforced by legislators and boards of health, gives lucrative employment to a class whose self interest prompts them to every specie of subterfuge and special pleading to perpetuate the compulsory clause in vacci- nation legislation.)                          After the fruitless trial of nearly a century, it was discov- ered that in occulation was sowing the seeds of a long train of diseases, in their most fatal form, communicating infectious complaints from one person to another—cancer, scrofula, con- sumption, and other more loathsome diseases were spreading to an alarming extent. It was seen and confessed by hundreds of physicians that the net result of this practice was a multipli- cation of ailments and an enormous increase in the total mor- tality. Dr. Winterburn, of Philadelphia, writes,—"The Value of Vaccination," page 18:— "From the most trustworthy sources, however, it is evi-

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.            17 dent that just as now we have epidemics of measles, and other of the zymoses, varying greatly in intensity and fatality, so in the pre-inoculation period there were epidemics of small-pox of great fatality and others of very moderate intensity. But after the introduction of inoculation, the ravages of small-pox increased, not only directly as the result of inoculation, but each new case became, as it were, a centre of disease, from it spread- ing in every direction, often with great virulence. It spread small-pox just as the natural disease did. It could be propa- gated anywhere by sending in a letter a bit of cotton thread dipped in the variolous lymph. In this way, not only the num- ber of cases, but, also, the general mortality was very greatly increased. But so hard is it to alter the ideas of a people after they have crystallized into habit, that although it was evident that epidemics of small-pox often started from an inoculated case; and although the most strenuous efforts were made to supersede it by vaccination, inoculation continued to flourish for nearly a century and a half. It was found necessary in 1840 to make inoculation in England, a penal offense, in order to put an end to its use. Even that has not prevented its secret prac- tice by the lower orders, where ideas die hardest, and the rite is even now probably more than occasionally performed."
			SMALL-POX INOCULATION. Some knowledge of the history of small-pox inoculation is important at this time, since it furnished so many exact par- allels to the history of vaccination. With few exceptions medi- cal men defended it, made light of its multiform dangers, and held it up to public attention as the great desideratum of the common security and welfare. They juggled with statistics the same as vaccinators do today to defend their practice, point- ing out that 18 per cent. of small-pox patients died who took the disease in the natural way, while only one in ninety-one of the inoculated died. But at last the real facts—tragic and un- welcome though they were—confronted both doctor and lay- man in such a signal and alarming manner, that Parliament was invoked to put an end once and forever to the inoculating rite.

		l8                                      VACCINATION A CURSE. Nevertheless, as we shall presently see, no sooner was this su- perstition abandoned, than the medical profession adopted an- other which was destined to curse the world in a ten-fold greater ratio, and while they petitioned Parliament to make the earlier practice a penal offence, they likewise made their new fad obligatory and compulsory. Hence the last estate of the people was made far worse than their first, for now the liberty of the citizen to defend the health of his family was cancelled. The first Compulsory Vaccination Act passed by Parlia- ment also contained this clause, retiring inoculation to the limbs: "Any person who shall after the passing of this Act pro- duce in any person by inoculation with variolous matter, or any matter, potency, or thing impregnated with variolous matter, or wilfully by any other means whatsoever produce the disease of small-pox in any person shall be guilty of an offence, and shall be liable to be proceeded against summarily, and be con- victed to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding one month." Arthur Wallaston Hutton, M. A., makes the following sig- nificant observation,—"The Vaccination Question," page 14:— "In the early years of the present century, when medical men, with almost complete unanimity, were seeking to replace the variolous inoculation by the vaccine inoculation, they con- fessed, or rather urged, that the earlier practice had destroyed more lives than it had saved. And this was undoubtedly true. For not only did the practice inflict the disease on the person inoculated, but that person became a new center of infection, from which small-pox could be and was occasionally 'caught' in the natural way. * * * * * * * We talk of small- pox inoculation, as if it were an uniform practice; whereas it really varied as much as vaccination does now. It might com- municate the disease in its most deadly form, or it might do just nothing at all, beyond making a slight sore, which proved, if tested, no defence against subsequent exposure to the infec- tion of small-pox. Disastrous, however, as the practice was— and so clearly is that now recognized that for the last fifty years the practice has been penal—it may be admitted that there was 'something in it,' and that, in the special cases of medical

			A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.                     19, men and of nurses, it might still be resorted to with advantage, if performed in isolation hospitals. For although some consti- tutions are so susceptible of small-pox (as others are of other fevers) that one attack does not afford security against a second or even a third, the general rule is that one attack does confer subsequent immunity; and a person inoculated when in good health, and when there is no severe epidemic about, might con- ceivably pass through the ordeal with less risk than if a natural attack of the disease had been waited for and incurred."
		JENNER AND VACCINATION. As we have seen, the inoculation superstition was the chief medical curse of the eighteenth century. It sent multitudes to untimely graves, and permanently impaired the health of other multitudes, since the septic poisoning from within reached the very fountains of life and laid the foundations for a long train of incurable diseases. In the final summing up its pledges were broken and its flattering promises were unfulfilled. Yet vicious as it proved, it was superseded at the hands of Jenner by a fallacy still more monstrous, until the nineteenth century, which, notwithstanding its boasted civilization, has been more cursed by the doctors than was the eighteenth. Edward Jenner, born in 1749, at Berkley, introduced vacci- nation in England in 1798. He is credited with the fanciful dis- covery that by poisoning the blood with cow-pox, a future at- tack of small-pox would be prevented. This delusion has been so completely disposed of by Dr. Creighton and Prof. Crook- shank that I need devote but little space to the Jenner episode. In the first place, Jenner was far from being a learned man. In the department of exact research he was a blunderer, yet his personal qualities were amiable and attractive. He was in the habit of writing verses and had a faculty of making fast friends. His medical degree was conferred with the simple preliminary, not of an examination, but the payment of a fee of fifteen guineas to the University of St. Andrews. And his Fellowship

		20                                      VACCINATION A CURSE. in the Royal Society—according to the admission of his latest biographer, Dr. Norman Moor, by a procedure which amounted to a fraud. In the field of natural history, where he made some pretensions, his knowledge was scanty and empirical. His pub- lished observations on the cuckoo,—Phi. Trans. Vol. LXXVIII —read in 1788, called out a witty and critical tract entitled, "The Bird that Laid the Vaccination Egg." In strict truth, Jenner was not the discoverer of vaccina- tion. Many of the common folk in his time, chiefly dairy maids, had already noted the fact that those who took the cow-pox were less susceptible to small-pox; and years before Jenner took the matter up, a Dorsetshire farmer, named Jesty, inoculated his wife and two sons with the cow-pox, in the conviction that this would prove a preventive.
			THE COW-POX. This is a filth disease, a "bad disease" whose original source is in the human degenerate; a disease communicated to the cow's teats by stable boys who not only suffer from the "bad dis- ease," but whose hands are soiled by grooming the greasy heels of diseased and ill-kept horses. Bear in particular remem- brance, that the cow-pox is not natural to the bovine species. Bulls and steers are never troubled with it; neither are heifers without the voluntary and conscious agency of man. It is only milch cows that catch the disorder. Dr. George W. Winter- burn, whom I have already quoted, writes:— "This disease which is called cow-pox in cows, is known as grease in the horse. Grease is a disorder resulting from inflammation of the sebaceous glands of the skin, about the heels of a horse, and is properly called eczema pustulosum. The disease originating from a scrofulous condi- tion, supervenes from exposure to wet, and from subsequent lack of cleanliness, and is always the result of carelessness on the part of the groom. The discharge from these vesicular pus- tules is often profuse, very irritating to the surface over which

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.            21 it flows, and foetid. * * * * This purulent matter, car- ried on the dirty hands of farm-laborers to the teats or other sensitive parts of the cow, produced the disorder which has been misnamed cow-pox." And these are the vile forms of corruption, charged with a deadly virus—sometimes horse-grease, sometimes small-poxed cow virus, but more frequently syphilized cow-pox—which Jen- ner pronounced "a sovereign remedy against small-pox," and who declared to the British Parliament when he applied for his £30,000 reward: "Whoever is once vaccinated with cow-pox is forever afterward protected from small-pox." Yet in spite of Jenner's promises, and notwithstanding the civilized world has been vaccinated and re-vaccinated ad nauseum, the world continues to suffer from small-pox epidemics, just as it did dur- ing the inoculation times, while such mitigation as we really en- joy is due—in spite of vaccination—to an increased sanitation ob- servance of more rational habits of living. Following up Jen- ner's observations, Arthur Wallaston Hutton remarks,—"The Vaccination Question," page 19:— "His theory was that the disease of the horse's hoof, known as 'horse-grease,' was the source of human small-pox and also of cow-pox; and in this way the relationship was established to his own satisfaction. Neither proposition is true; nor indeed did Jenner care to maintain the truth of either proposition when the merits of vaccination had once become established in peo- ple's minds; but the theory justified or seemed to justify him in describing cow-pox as variolae vaccinae or 'small-pox of the cow;' and it is really this theory which has mis-directed pretty nearly all the observations that have been made on vaccination right down to the present day. Sir John Simon, a living author- ity on the subject, explains that persons vaccinated cannot take the small-pox, because they have had it already; and this be- lief is still shared by hundreds and thousands of people." Again the same high authority says:— "But what is in truth the nature of cow-pox? It is an ail- ment, not of cattle, but of the cow, as its name implies, exclu-

		22                                                VACCINATION A CURSE. sively, and of the cow only when she is in milk; and it is fur- ther a disease of civilization. It does occur when a cow suckles her own calf; nor, for that matter, does it occur where cow-stables are kept decently clean. Jenner observed that it did not occur when the milkers were women only; and hence his theory that the disease originated in 'horse-grease,' his asser- tion being (first stated as an hypothesis, and then, a little lower down, as a thing which 'commonly happens') that the disease was communicated to the cow's teats by a man-milker who had just dressed the diseased horse's heels. Other observers also professed to have noted that the disease only occurred where there were both men and women milkers; but they drew an- other inference as to its origin, for which they found confirma- tion in the disease's popular name. Apparently it is in some way due to the friction of the teats by the milker's hands; it oc- curs spontaneously (i. e. apart from inoculation) only where cows are milked; and its name had reference not to small-pox but to "great-pox," with which its analogy was popularly and cor- rectly discerned. Presumably it is a consequence of its partly human origin that it is so easily (and ordinarily without danger) inoculable on man, which other diseases of animals are not. That, however, is mere conjecture; what is now certainly estab- lished beyond all reasonable doubt is that cow-pox bears no pathological relation to small-pox. The similarity in name is the only connection; for, though there is superficial resem- blance between the vaccine vesicles and the variolous pox, the two diseases are really quite distinct. The definite establish- ment of this fact, which of course upsets the whole alleged scientific basis of vaccination, is due to the labors in recent years of Dr. Creighton and Professor Crookshank, though the real character of cow-pox had long ago been suspected." In an article communicated to the Academie de Medicine in 1865, by Auzias-Turenne, I quote the following language: "Between syphilis and cow-pox the analogy may be a long way followed up, * * * but, happily, for the vaccinated, cow- pox passes through a rapid evolution, and does not leave viru- lent remains for so long a time or so frequently as syphilis." In that thorough and carefully written work of Dr. Creigh- ton, published in 1887, he was the first to demonstrate Jenner's

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.         23 mistake. He set out to find some explanation for the com- plaints that were continually multiplying of the communication of syphilis by vaccination. The results of his investigations were embodied in the volume, "Cow-pox and Vaccinal Syphilis." His early judgment was that the communication of two diseases by one and the same act was improbable; but as the evidence he accumulated became overwhelming, he at last gave up every doubt that these syphilitic symptoms are part and parcel of the cow-pox itsSlf, which is sure to make its presence felt if inocu- lated in the system through the ordinary process of vaccination. In the same year that Creighton published his book, estab- lishing the connection between syphilis and cow-pox, Prof. Crookshank was pursuing independent investigations into the micro-pathology of a cow-disease that had broken out in Wilk- shire, which the Agricultural Department of the Privy Council thought might bear some relation to scarlet fever in man. In this investigation, Crookshank also critically examined the na- ture and origin of cow-pox, with the result that his researches fully bore out and confirmed Dr. Creighton's conclusions. "In fact," says Hutton, "the syphilitic nature of cow-pox is the theory which now holds the field; and it is hardly contested by the advocates of vaccination, who are content to rely solely on the evidence of statistics." How horrid to contemplate! We are therefore face to face with the gravest, and at the same time the most disgusting, aspect of the whole vaccination problem. Note that the cow-pox is not a natural bovine dis- ease; that only milch cows contract it, and this invariably through human agency. Long before Creighton and Crook- shank wrote, it had been suspected by high authorities, that man is not only the medium of transmission of horse-grease to the cow's udder, but that he communicates a loathsome virus from his own person as well. Therefore the horse-grease dis- ease in the cow, is a very different malady from the cow-pox, which is derived from man and from man alone! Let us be

		24                                       VACCINATION A CURSE. frank. A large percentage of vaccination practice has inocu- lated whole communities with the thrice accursed syphilitic taint, according to the brand or stock of vaccine used; for be it known, that vaccine corruption has now become an ordinary article of commerce, the same as baking powders and "em- balmed" beef. I shall hereafter show that the vaccinator can rarely be certain of the quality of his stock, or of the extent of harm that will result from his practice. The identity of cow-pox and syphilis was first definitely pointed out by Dr. Hubert Boens-Boissan in 1882; and Dr. J. W. Collins in his "Sir Lyon Playfair" pamphlet gives 47S cases of "vaccino-syphilis," details of which have been published by various medical authorities, both in England and on the conti- tinent. When these facts shall be fully realized by a much crucified and long suffering public, it will not take long to put a stop to the compulsory feature of this infamous crime. We shall then no longer submit the bodies of our defenceless children to the assaults of salaried, place-hunting doctors, nor longer tolerate the flagrant usurpations of parliaments and legislatures over our personal liberties and the sacredness of the family circle. Now, to return to Jenner. His first vaccination was on a boy named James Phipps, who later died of pulmonary con- sumption. This was in 1787. Two years later he vaccinated his own son, then a year and a half old, with swine-pox, which at that time was considered as protective as cow-pox; and had not this mode been considered too disgusting for popular ap- proval, it would in all likelihood have taken precedence over cow-pox vaccination. Thereafter Jenner repeatedly inoculated his child with small-pox. But being delicate in health he died in his twenty-first year. Dr. John Hunter, the noted physiologist in Jenner's time, expressed a wise judgment on the de-merits of Jenner's system. He wrote:—

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.            25 "The introduction by inoculation of mineral or vegetable poisons into the blood is hazardous, and in certain quantities may be destructive; but the introduction of animal products from another living body, be it a man, a cow, or even an ass. is infinitely more pernicious, because allied to it in being vital- ized." In 1797 Jenner made an abortive effort to get his treatise incorporated into the transactions of the Royal Society. Then he turned his attention to the feminine portion of English so- ciety, and soon enlisted the enthusiastic support of many ladies of the aristocracy, a number of whom became amateur vacci- nators in their respective parishes. In this way the practice was soon made so fashionable, so popular, and lucrative withal, that it soon became the rage among the English people. Even the clergy took it up, one of whom vaccinated three thousand per- sons in three years. Indeed, vaccination came so near being converted into a religious rite, that christening and vaccination of children were performed on the same day. After vaccination had been on trial for three years, before people or Parliament had any means of knowing whether Jen- ner's promise that vaccination would number the days of small- pox, the king signified to his prime minister his wish that Par- liament should award to Jenner a benefaction, and the Com- mons cheerfully responded, voting him £30,000. When Jenner was confronted with a large number of glar- ing failures in high life—of cases he had pronounced as "suc- cessfully vaccinated," who came down with small-pox, in the confluent form, he came forward with a new doctrine to repel his opponents, viz: "that as cases of small-pox after small-pox were not uncommon, vaccination could not be expected to do more than small-pox itself." Remember, this pitiful plea was not brought forward until the failures of cow-pox to protect had become multiplied and notorious. Dr. W. Scott Tebb, of London, in his valuable and exhaustive work, "A Century of Vaccination," writes, page 16: —

		26                                      VACCINATION A CURSE. "On all these grounds, I demur to the theory of identity, and hold that small-pox and cow-pox are antagonistic affec- tions—that cow-pox, instead of being, as Dr. Barton maintains, of a variolous, is, in fact, of an anti-variolous nature—that it alters and modifies the human constitution so as to render some individuals wholly, others partially, and for a time, unsusceptible of small-pox. "At the end of 1798, six months after the publication of Jenner's 'Inquiry,' the case for vaccination stood thus: Most of the children's arms had ulcerated, and the variolous test, in the few cases in which it had been applied, had produced equiv- ocal results. Moreover, all Jenner's stocks of lymph had been lost, so that no further experiments could be made. Dr. Bed- does, of Bristol, in writing to Professor Hufeland, of Berlin, said: 'You know Dr. Jenner's experiments with the cow-pox; his idea of the origin of the virus appears to be quite indemon- strable, and the facts which I have collected are not favorable to his opinion that the cow-pox gives complete immunity from the natural infection of small-pox. Moreover, the cow-pox matter produces foul ulcers, and in that respect is a worse dis- ease than the mildly inoculated small-pox."
			NO IDENTITY BETWEEN COW-POX AND SMALL- POX. In the course of vaccine practice much confusion has arisen from the careless manner of diagnosing the cow disease. A variety of opposing symptoms have long been known to fol- low in eases of vaccination with pus taken from the cow. Thence it came to be asserted that there was a genuine cow-pox and a "spurious cow-pox." In cases of failure the spurious va- riety was made to do duty. Jenner held that cow-pox was small-pox of the cow, hence the misleading name he gave it, variolae vaccinae. Dr. George Pearson, a cotemporary of Jen- ner, objected to this designation, asserting that "cow-pox is a specifically different distemper from the small-pox in essen- tial particulars, namely, in the nature of its morbific poison, and in its symptoms." More recently Dr. George Gregory—quoted

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.            27 by Dr. Tebb—opposed the identity theory. Winterburn says—"Value of Vaccination," page 41:— "Experimenters, entitled to respectful attention, have shown that it is a delusion to suppose that the inoculation of cows with small-pox has ever produced cow-pox; it produces small-pox and nothing else. The small-pox may be induced on the horse or cow by variolation, but the variolous inoculation is never transmuted into grease in the horse, or cow-pox in the cow." This is undeniable. Dr. Seaton, a high authority, says: "It is quite out of the question that cow-pox on the human subject should have been transformed into small-pox." The two diseases, therefore, be- ing specifically different, neither can have any effect to ward off the other. Why not inoculate with erysipelas to prevent small- pox? It would be just as rational, just as scientific, and to my mind, just as efficient. Dr. George Wyld, whose acquaintance I made in London, and whom I know to stand very high as author, physician, and scientist, endorses the conclusions of the French Academy. He says:— "I find that many medical men are under the false impres- sion that all that we require to do is to inoculate the heifer with small-pox matter, and thus get a supply of vaccine lymph. This might become productive of disastrous consequences. Small- pox inoculation of the heifer produces not vaccinia, but a mod- ified small-pox capable of spreading small-pox amongst human beings by infection." It will hence be seen that a large share of modern vacci- nation is really only a modified form of inoculation. It is neither cow-pox nor horse-grease, but small-pox propagated from human beings, through calves, to human beings again. This fact, horrible as it is, admits of no denial. We must therefore accept it as proven: Cow-pox is not small-pox in the cow, but it is "horse-grease" in the cow, whose udder often becomes secondarily infected with syphilis. Therefore when we submit to the official vaccinator, or we shall be treated to inoculation of virus from a small-poxed

			23                                     VACCINATION A CURSE. calf, or to the cow-pox virus often taken from a syphilized calf. Think of it, fathers and mothers, when the "Health Board" closes the door of the schoolroom you are taxed to support, requiring your children to present a certificate of vaccination; requiring that their bodies be submitted to the dangers and degradation of vaccine corruption! May your souls rise up in indignant pro- test against the sacrilegious invasion of the home which the American constitution has sanctified to liberty; aye, in pro- test against this infernal rite, becoming the hag of the pit! Think of it, mothers, who would bring your daughters up to be healthy, and clean, and chaste, that your state and city should have delegated the privilege to fee-hunting doctors, to break down the protective walks you have builded about your little ones, and poison the fountains of their life blood with a virus of contagion which may mock your solicitude and disappoint the fondest hopes you have cherished for the future of your pos- terity. Think of it, ye fathers and mothers of daughters, that your state and municipality should put you under compulsion to observe a rite which is liable to taint those daughters with the virus of the scandalous disease, the out-lawed disease, the disease whose home is the polluted den of the "Stingaree," the disease against which civilization revolts—aye, the disease too loathsome to name, except in whisper! Is it not quite time the curses of the vaccine dispensation were numbered?
		SMALL-POX HABITAT. Small-pox is a disease of towns, of the crowded, filthy quarters of towns. It is a disease of the poor, and particularly of the children of the poor. The average small-pox death rate in towns is fifty to seventy-five per cent. greater than in the country , while towns that have a large proportion of park space are greatly favored over those where this important feature is lacking. The epidemic in England of 1871-72 was notably se- vere in the mining districts where population is over-crowded.

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.            29 In the miserable dwellings of the poor, air and light—two most important essentials of health—are woefully deficient. In the beginning of the eighteenth century the government pursued the self-destructive policy of putting a premium on these prime- essentials by taxing the windows of the poor. Every aperture that would admit air or light into a dwelling had to pay for the privilege to exist. Even a window to light a stairway, garret, or cellar, was rated among the luxuries and had to be taxed. So windows could not be afforded by the poor, and which thousands who lived in filth and squalor, did not care to afford. We should hence feel no surprise when we learn that small-pox has always been chiefly confined to the lower strata of society. In Austria it is fitly named the "beggar's" disease, and in all countries it is most at home in crowded and unclean quarters. Concerning the epidemic of 1852, Dr. Rigden writes—"Medical and Surgical Journal, Dec. 22, 1852,—"The most severe cases, and the greatest number, existed, generally speaking, in the dis- tricts most thickly populated by the lower orders, and most badly drained." In the debate on the Compulsory Vaccination Bill in 1853, Lord Shaftsbury pointed out "that the small-pox was chiefly confined to the lowest class of the population, and he believed that with improved lodging houses the disease might be all but exterminated." After the Warrington epidemic in 1873, the Royal Com- mission pointed out, that all but eleven of 445 infected houses were rated at less than £16 per annum, and 406 of them at £8 or lower; and Dr. Coupland found at Dewsbury the disease was confined almost exclusively to the filthy working class. Again, small-pox is a disease of children, like measles and whooping-cough, and predominantly, as already stated, the children of the poor. In the eighteenth century, small-pox mortality in the manufacturing towns fell almost entirely among children under five years of age.' In Kilmarnock, from 1728 to

				30                                           VACCINATION A CURSE. 1763, the infant small-pox mortality was 90 per cent. In Man- chester, from 1769 to 1774, it was 94 per cent. In Warrington, for the same period, 94 per cent., Chester, in 1774, 89 per cent., and Carlisle, from 1779 to 1787, 95 per cent. Hence, in the eighteenth century small-pox was predominantly a disease of infants. This continued to be the case until the 1837 epidemic, when the average percentage fell to about 50 per cent. Since 1873 there has been a marked shifting in the small-pox death rate in England and Wales. Here are the figures from the forty-third annual report of the Registrar General (1880, page 22), quoted by W. Scott Tebb :— England and Wales.—Mean annual deaths from small-pox at successive life-periods, per million living at each life-period.
		Under 5. 5. 10 15 25 45 up Vaccination optional, 1847-53.. 1,617 337 94 109 66 22 Vaccination compulsory, 1872-80 323 186 98 173 141 58
			This increase in the adult mortality, we shall hereafter see, is principally due to compulsory vaccination, and was therefore considered a sufficient ground for the repeal of the law. SPREADING OF SMALL-POX. The history of small-pox in Leicester, England, has fur- nished conclusive testimony that this disease can be kept within narrow limits without any assistance from the hungry army of vaccinators. In 1872 Leicester was a much vaccinated town; but the large small-pox mortality during the epidemic of that year, generated such an emphatic protest against vaccination that the percentage of vaccinations to the number of births be- gan to rapidly decline. By 1885 they dropped down to 39 per cent.; in 1886 to 23 per cent.; in 1887 to 10 per cent.; then to 6 per cent.; and since 1891 has almost entirely ceased. From 1872 to 1895 only 23 deaths from small-pox were recorded for Leicester. Now in defence of the Leicester system—which is simply a system of thorough sanitation—the report of its medical of-

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.            31 ficer for 1893 tells a story which should be dinned into the ears of every health board throughout the civilized world,—a story of cleanliness as the preventive par excellence of small-pox. Addressing his townsmen, the Leicester health officer said:— "You are entitled to great credit—more especially in the case of small-pox, which, by the methods you have adopted, has been prevented from running riot throughout the town, thereby upsetting all the prophecies which have again and again been made. I need only mention such towns as Birmingham, War- rington, Bradford, Walsall, Oldham, and the way they have suffered during the past year from the ravages of small-pox, to give you an idea of the results you in Leicester have achieved, results of which I, as your medical officer of health, am, justly, I think, proud." Sanitation is the all-potent watchword. Writing on the relative value of vaccination, Dr. Scott Tebb remarks,—page 93 of his great work:— "Not only may well-vaccinated towns be affected with small-pox, but the most thorough vaccination of a population that it is possible to imagine may be followed by an extensive outbreak of the disease. This happened in the mining and agri- cultural district of Mold, in Flintshire. * * * * Leicester, with the population under ten years of age practically unvacci- nated, had a small-pox death rate of 114 per million; whereas Mold, with all the births vaccinated for eighteen years previous to the epidemic, had one of 3,614 per million." Here is one among hundreds of demonstrations that can be given of the utter worthlessness of vaccination as a preven- tive of small-pox. If protection is good for anything it should be effective during the prevalence of an epidemic; but we sec that is just where the unvaccinated enjoy the greater immunity from an attack of the disease. Besides filth and overcrowding, hard times and war are prominent factors in the spread of small-pox. In 1684 there were very severe frosts over Europe, followed with a general failure of crops. The poor suffered great privations and dis- coragement. This was followed the next season with a vast in-

		32                                      VACCINATION A CURSE. crease both of epidemic fever and small-pox. Then the great small-pox mortality among the weavers in the east end of Lon- don in 1719 followed upon a season of great scarcity and loss of employment among these same weavers. Bad harvests in England were also encountered in 1794 and 1795, causing such widespread distress among the poor that Parliament had to take some measures for its temporary relief. The year following— 1796—the small-pox fatality swelled to an unprecedented figure, being the largest within the London Bills. Then the harvest failure in 1816 was followed with small-pox and typhus in epi- demic form. War may be set down as another active cause of small-pox, and of zymotics generally. War is always attended with hard- ship, exposure, over-crowding, anxiety, and an abnormal mental tension. Our losses in the Civil War, on the Northern side, footed up to about 360,000, of whom 110,000 were killed, and 250,000 died of disease; which—in round numbers—62,000 were cases of typhoid; 62,000 died of bowel complaint; 62,000 from throat and lung trouble, and 62,000 from small-pox. Small-pox in eastern France, among the peasantry in the earlier part of 1870, was only an average amount but late in the year, immediately following the terrible slaughter by invasion of the German army, it broke out with unusual violence. Dr. Robert Spencer Watson took notes on the field round Metz. He writes:— "November 6, 1870. Then I went to Lessy and Chatel St. Germain, hearing everywhere the same state of distress. All the crops gone, all the winter's firewood gone, many houses de- stroyed, and numbers needing help in every village. * * * When the mare's hoofs sunk deep, she knocked up bits of flesh, and the stench was so sickening that I should have fainted but for my smelling salts. *********** "In one place there were fifteen long streets of railway vans, filled with typhus patients; in another as many streets of

			A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.             33 canvas tents, also filled with sick. I visited these places, and found them in the filthiest state; but the Germans had begun to put them into order. At first, you might see soldiers, in full small-pox, walking about the streets, but this was soon for- bidden. *********** "The main body were encamped outside the walls of Metz, on low ground near the Moselle, the wetness of the season hav- ing converted the camping-ground into a morass. In some places the impress of the men's bodies was left as a cast in the mud in which they had lain. Their clothes and their blanket were saturated with mud. Their food for weeks had only been a biscuit and a bit of horseflesh without salt. Dysentery was universal, and typhus and small-pox raged. Over a wide area around the camp the carcasses of dead horses were left to rot and contaminate the air." Mr. William Jones was in Metz when Bazaine's army sur- rendered :—"The constant cry of the wretched sufferers for water was distinctly heard outside the square in which they were isolated. All these black typhus patients perished, and were buried in huge trenches outside the walls of the city. * * * Mr. Allen, who was vaccinated, and, he believes, re-vaccinated, took the small-pox, and his own sister, who came over to nurse him, caught the disease from him and died there, and was buried in the cemetery at Plantieres outside the walls of Metz." Dr. Scott Tebb observes: "There is, indeed, some reason to believe that this war was the starting-point of the great Euro- pean pandemic of small-pox in 1871-72." The same high authority has furnished the following table, showing the decline in small-pox from 1838 to 1895 :— England and Wales.—Average annual deathrate per mil- lion living, from small-pox, fever, typhus fever, and scarlet fever, in five-year periods from 1838-95.
		Years. Small-pox. Fever. Typus Fever. Scarlet Fever. 1838-42 576 1,053 — — 1847-50 292 1,246 — —

				34                                      VACCINATION A CURSE.
		Years. Small-pox. Fever. Typus Fever. Scarlet Fever. 1851-55 248 983 — — 1856-60 198 842 — — 1861-65 219 922 — 982 1866-70 105 850 — 960 1871-75 408 599 81 759 1876-80 82 380 34 680 1881-85 83 273 23 436 1886-90 16 202 7 241 1891-95 24 185 4 182
			"Over the whole period it will be found that the small-pox death rate declined 96 per cent., while fever declined 82 per cent. But the most extraordinary feature of the table is the large small-pox death rate in 1871-75, twenty years after vac- cination had been made compulsory." Thus from 1838 to 1871 death from small-pox had only abated 29 per cent, while fever diminished 43 per cent.; hence, since the commencement of registration, there was practically a very slight decline in small- pox until 1871-72 epidemic, while the death rate from fever very materially diminished. The cause of this abatement is very plainly stated in the forty-second annual report of the Regis- trar General (1879) :— "Had the deaths from one or more of this group of causes fallen, while those from others in the same group had risen, or had the fall been trifling, or the totals dealt with insignificant in amount, it might have been suspected that the alteration was a mere alteration in name. But as the deaths under each head- ing have declined, as the fall in the death rate from them has been enormous—62.4 per cent, in the course of ten years—and as the totals are by no means small, it may be accepted as an in- disputable fact that there has in truth been a notable decline in these pests, and it may be fairly assumed that the decline is due to improved sanitary organization." Here is common sense: "improved sanitary organization," and no class in any community understand this better than

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.                   35 members of the medical profession. The only rational explana- tion, therefore, that can be assigned for the dogged persistance with which they continue to push their accursed vaccination practice to the front is, that it pays. In Oriental countries—China, India, Egypt,—where sanita- tion is almost wholly neglected, we have illustrated the utter futility of vaccination to check the fatal strides of small-pox. In the "Report on Sanitary Measures in India in 1879-80," page 142, we read:— "The vaccination returns throughout India show the same fact, that the number of vaccinations does not necessarily bear a ratio to the small-pox deaths. Small-pox in India is related to season, and also to epidemic prevalence; it is not a disease, therefore, that can be controlled by vaccination, in the sense that vaccination is a specific against it. As an endemic and epi- demic disease, it must be dealt with by sanitary measures, and if these are neglected small-pox is certain to increase during epi- demic times." Again, in the "Memorandum of the Army Sanitary Com- mission for the Punjab" (1879), we read:-— "Vaccination in the Punjab, as elsewhere in India, has no power apparently over the course of an epidemic. It may mod- ify it and diminish the number of fatal cases, but the whole In- dian experience points in one direction, and this is that the se- verity of a small-pox epidemic is more closely connected with sanitary defects, which intensify the activity of other epidemic diseases, than is usually imagined, and that to the general san- itary improvement of towns and villages must we look for the mitigation of small-pox as of cholera and fever." On this branch of the problem Dr. Scott Tebb sums up as follows:— "At the present time, compulsory vaccination, by paralyz- ing efforts in other directions, blocks the way towards sanitary reform. When the laws are abrogated vaccination must, like all other medical prescriptions and surgical operations, rest upon its own merits, or, in other words, on its inherent persua- siveness, unaided by the arm of the law. The practice will then,

			36                                      VACCINATION A CURSE. in my opinion, in the not very distant future be surely aban- doned. "This will prepare the way for a new era of improved health and human happiness, the result of scientific sanitary ameliora- tion in all departments of our social, domestic, and municipal life." We should not forget that all zymotic diseases run in peri- ods of greater and lesser intensity. This is true of yellow fever, of scarlatina, of typhus, and diphtheria, as well of small-pox; and it is during periods of epidemic intensity that the complete worthlessness of vaccination is brought home to us. In the London Lancet, July 15, 1871, we read:— "The deaths from small-pox have assumed the propor- tions of a plague. Over 10,000 lives have been sacrificed dur- ing the past year in England and Wales. In London, 5,641 deaths have occurred since Christmas. Of 9,392 patients in the London Small-pox Hospitals, no less than 6,854 had been vac- cinated, i. e., nearly 73 per cent. Taking the mortality at 17 1-2 per cent. of those attacked, and the deaths this year in the whole country at 10,000, it will follow that more than 122,000 vacci- nated persons have suffered from small-pox! This is an alarm- ing state of things. Can we greatly wonder that the opponents of vaccination should point to such statistics as an evidence of the failure of the system? It is necessary to speak plainly on this important matter."
		ZYMOTICS A CONSTANT QUANTITY. In the history of zymotic diseases we are confronted with the very important fact, that though small-pox seemed to abate after vaccination came into fashion, other forms of zymotic dis- eases cropped up and swelled the death rate to the same uni- form proportions. When one epidemic predominated—as typhus, scarlatina, or diphtheria,—small-pox would be found to be in abeyance; then one after another would manifest epi- demic violence, so that the death rate went on with singular

		A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.         37 uniformity. Given the same conditions the death rate of a peo- ple will display the same uniform percentage from year to year, and nothing will vary this number except a change in these conditions. When a whole people improve their sanitary regu- lations the death rate diminishes and the average duration of life advances. Aggravate these conditions, either by war, fam- ine, or intemperance in its multiform phases, and the death rate infallibly rises to a larger sum total. This compensatory law is well illustrated in Sweden, where deaths from small-pox in 1825 were 1,243, and from typhus, 3,962; but four years later small-pox only claimed 53, while deaths from typhus rose to 9,264. Then again, in 1846, the small-pox fatality was only 2, while deaths from all causes were 72,683. In 1851 small-pox became epidemic again, notwith- standing very thorough vaccination, when the small-pox fatality rose to 2,448, but the total death rate was almost precisely that of 1846, being 72,506. The statistics of other countries reveal the same law. In Prague, from 1796 to 1802, the total mortality was 1 in 32, when small-pox fatality was very high; but from 1832 to 1855, when small-pox fatality was extremely low, still the total death rate was 1 in 32 1-3. Dr. Robert Watt, in 1813, considering the vast number of deaths from small-pox among children, says:— "I began to reflect how different the case must be now; and to calculate the great saving of human life that must have arisen from the vaccine inoculation. At this time (1813) above 15,000 had been inoculated publicly at the Faculty Hall, and perhaps twice or thrice that number in private practice." In eight years (1805-13) little more than 600 had died in Glasgow, of small-pox; whereas in 1784 the deaths by that dis- ease alone amounted to 425, and in 1791 to 607; which, on both occasions, exceeded the fourth of the whole deaths in the city for the year. To ascertain the real amount of this saving of in-

38                                       VACCINATION A CURSE.

fantile life, I turned up one of the later years, and, by accident, that of 1808, when, to my utter astonishment, I found that still more than a half perished before the tenth year of their age; I could hardly believe the testimony of my senses, and there- fore began to turn up other years, but I found it amounted to nearly the same thing. To make the facts clear, let us bring the results of the past three decades together, thus:—

GLASGOW MORTUARY STATISTICS. 1783-1812. Whooping- Decade. From Small-pox Measles. Cough. I783-1792 3,466 211 854 1793-1802 2,894 398 914 1803-1812 1,013 1,655 1,151 Children Under Children Under Total Deaths Decade. Two. Ten. All Ages. 1783-1792 7,293 9,919 17,607 1795-1800 6,277 9,050 16,685 1802-1812 7,120 10,913 20,175

To ascertain how a low small-pox mortality was compen- sated by other diseases, Dr. Watt divided the years 1783-1812 into five periods, of six years each, and in this way set forth the proportionate mortalities :—

GLASGOW MORTUARY STATISTICS. 1783-1812.

Whooping Years. From Small-pox. Measles. Cough 1783-1788 19.55 .93 4.51 1789-1794 18.22 1.17 5.13 1795-1800 18.70 2.10 5.36 1801-1806 8.90 3.92 6.12 1807-1812 S 3.90 10.76 5.57

					A BRIEF SKETCH FROM JENNER TO THE PRESENT.            39
			Years. Children Under Two. Children Under Ten. Total Deaths All Ages. 1783-1788 3940 53.48 9,994 1789-1794 42.38 58.07 11,103 1795-1800 38.82 54.48 9.991 1801-1806 33.50 52.03 10,034 1807-1812 35.89 55.69 13.354
	—"Diseases of Children," Glasgow, 1813.
				Now put these facts by the side of the idiotic—the false assertions of Sir Spencer Wells, that:— "It may not be generally known, but it is true, that Jen- ner has saved, is now saving, and will continue to save in all coming ages, more lives in one generation than were destroyed in all the wars of the first Napoleon." The fluctuations in the death rate between plague and small-pox is strikingly similar:—
		MORTALITY FROM PLAGUE IN LONDON, 1604-1651. Year. Deaths. Year. Deaths. 1604........... .... 896 1628........... 3 1605........... ..... 444 1629........... . . . . 0 1606........... ..... 2,124 1630........... . . . . 1,317 1607........... . . . . 2,352 1631........... .... 274 1608........... .... 2,262 1632........... 8 1609........... .... 4,410 1633............ 0 1610........... .... 1,803 1634............ . . . . 1 1611........... . . . . 617 1635............ .... 0 1612........... .... S 64 1636........... .... 10,400 1613........... 16 1637........... .... 3,082 1614........... ..... 22 1638........... ... 363 1615........... 37 1639........... .... 314 1616........... ..... 9 1640........... . . . . 1,4501 1617........... ..... 6 1641........... . . . . 1,375 1618........... 18 1642........... .... 1,274

			40                                      VACCINATION A CURSE.
		1619............... 9 1643............... 996 1620............... 21 1644............... 1,412 1621............... 11 1645............... 1,871 1622............... 16 1646............... 2,635 1623............... 17 1647............... 3,507 1624............... 11 1648............... 611 1625............... 35,417 1649............... 67 1626............... 134 1650............... 15 1627............... 4 1651............... 23
				In 1878 Sir Thomas Chambers said in the House of Com- mons :— "You cannot show that vaccination has reduced deaths. or saved a single life. There may be no small-pox, but the dis- appearance of small-pox is by no means equivalent to a reduc- tion of mortality." Thus I might indefinitely multiply illustrations of the truth of this law of constancy which variations in the intensity of specific diseases does not affect. The practice of vaccination therefore is utterly opposed to the plain teachings of sanitary science. It is the most untenable dogma in the whole category of medical theories, which has never been demonstrated to be sanctioned by any ascertained law or principle in the healing art. No precious lives have been saved as the outcome of the vaccine delusion, while just in proportion as it has modified the symptoms of the contagion it professes to save us from, has other and more disgusting forms of zymotic disease multiplied Upon the race. Aye, more. It has become an added factor for the wider diffusion of cancer, erysipelas, eczema, carbuncles, tumors, leprosy, and last but not least, to relegate the "bad disease" from its dark, infernal den, domesticate and make it common in the households of the land!

				CHAPTER II.
			VACCINE STOCK AND COMMERCIAL VACCINA- TION.
		No vaccine stock used since the days of Jenner is en- titled to the designation "lymph." Lymph is a natural and healthy fluid that circulates in the lymphatic vessels. All so- called lymph—which is simply vaccine pus—is a collection of blood corpuscles in process of destructive fermentation. The various frauds of vaccine pus are charged with the same specific quality, their chief differences consisting in their relative de- grees of rottenness. They are each and all a species of septic poison, no matter how or where they were brewed. The fer- menting cells in this vaccine substance abound with pathogenic globular bacteria, of which they are both the active element and chief factor in conveying filthy diseases of the blood and skin to the human body. Through this blood-poisoning ichor, into which the ruthless lance of the vaccinator is daily dipped, the germ of a legion of diseases assault the citadel of health, enters the peaceful precincts of home, and with the connivance and as- sistance of the politician and legislator, inflicts upon the little children of the land the barbarous and degrading rite whose curse will spread and multiply through generations yet unborn. I now remember, the prophet predicted a "time of trouble" for the last days. He must have had his eye on the vaccinator, and knew full well when he would arrive. Lo! the last days are

		42                                         VACCINATION A CURSE. here, and the trouble predicted is upon us! That all so-called vaccine lymph contains blood cells has been well known to the medical profession since 1862. Dr. Heron Watson writes (Edinborough Medical Journal, March, 1862): "There is no vaccine matter, however carefully re- moved from the vesicle, which, on microscopic investigation, will not be found to contain blood corpuscles." Upon this point the statement of Dr. Husband before the Royal Com- mission said in its report: "The evidence given by Dr. Hus- band, of the Vaccine Institution of Edinborough, established the fact that all lymph, however pellucid, really does contain blood cells." (Sec. 430.) Dr. Scott Tebb writes, (A Century of Vaccination, page 307): "There is nothing necessarily in the appearance of the vaccine vesicle to lead one to suspect syph- ilis ;" while Dr. Ballard informs us (Prize Essay) that "the per- fect character of the vesicle is no guarantee that it will not fur- nish both vaccine and syphilitic virus." Let us see how much the guarantee to furnish "pure" vac- cine pus is worth. Mr. Farn, director of the National Establish- ment in England, when put under examination before the Royal Commission, furnished some details that would be well to re- flect upon: "Q. 4,130. You are a medical man, are you? No. Q. 4,133. Have you made any special study of microbes? No. Q. 4,154. With such (microscopic) power as you are able to employ would you be able to recognize or distinguish any micro-organisms which might be present? No, I should not. Q. 4,155. Have any micro-organisms been identified, or stated to have been identified, for such a disease as erysipelas and so on? I am afraid you are going rather out of my depth as a non-medical man. Q. 4,159. Is there any disease within your experience whose cause you can identify with such microscopical power

		VACCINE STOCK. as you employ ? Not that I am aware of. Q. 4,173. Having regard to what you have told us, dc you think it would be possible, from the microscopical examin- ation you made, to guarantee that any lymph was pure? No I should not undertake to say whether it would be a guarantee that the lymph was pure. I do not know that you could do it. Q. 4,200. Are we to understand that, as a matter of fact, you have ever guaranteed lymph ? No. It seems, therefore, that there is no such thing known or obtainable as pure vaccine lymph, and it is very significant that as long ago as 1883 the Grocers' Company, by reason of the numerous disasters following vaccination, offered a prize of £1,000 for the discovery of any vaccine contagium cultivated apart from an animal body, but up to the present time the award has not been made. The matter has, however, been set- tled beyond all dispute by the Royal Commission itself. They say: "It is established that lymph contains organisms, and may contain those which under certain circumstances would be productive of erysipelas." (Sec. 410). —"A Century of Vaccination," page 269. . It will hence be seen that the commercial sharks who ad- vertise to furnish vaccine lymph "absolutely free from all or- ganisms except the pure vaccine germ," are either as ignorant of the microscope as Mr. Farn, or else through motives for lucre they deliberately deceive the public. Probably both these allegations are true. "If it be asked, with what shall we vaccinate? the answer would seem to be simple enough—why, with vaccinal virus, of course. But if we ask, what is vaccinal virus ? the answer is not readily found; nor is there, even now, after nearly a century of vaccination, any concord in the profession as to the proper material to be used. * * ********* "When Jenner first performed the rite, he used cow-pox virus. We have already seen what was the origin of this dis-

		44                                     VACCINATION A CURSE. order in the cow, viz., that it was a contagious disease trans- ferred, by careless manipulation, from the heels of the horse to the udder of the cow. Jenner believed that small-pox, swine- pox, cow-pox, and grease were merely varieties of the same disease, as he implied by the name variolae vaccinae. He vaci- nated his own son with swine-pox. He employed the grease- virus (horse-pox) in a large number of cases, and furnished it to other vaccinators. Acting on his suggestion, the king of Spain, in 1804, ordered all the children in the Foundling Hospi- tal at Madrid to be vaccinated with goat-pox. Jenner claimed that the virus of these and various other animals were all equally efficacious with cow-pox in warding off small-pox. He also used arm-to-arm vaccination, derived both from the cow and from the horse. He therefore practiced five distinct things under the one name of vaccination: (1) Cow-pox vaccination; (2) cow-pox-child vaccination; (3) horse-pox (grease) vaccina- tion, which he denominated as the equination of the human subject; (4) horse-pox-child vaccination; and (5) swine-pox vaccination. "Although he asserted that grease, cow-pox, and small- pox were all one disease, he made no attempt to prove it by in- oculating the cow with variola. But, as early as 1801, Gassner, of Gunsburg, inoculated with variolous virus eleven cows, pro- ducing on one of them vesicles having all the characteristics of vaccinal vesicles, and from which 'a stock of genuine vaccine lymph was obtained.' With this small-pox-cow vaccine four children were inoculated, and from them seventeen other child- ren were in turn vaccinated. In the following year (1802) a number of cows were successfully variolated at the Veterinary College at Berlin. *********** "Beside this variola-vaccine lymph, as it is called, another, and as it is asserted, a new variety of lymph or virus has been imported. This is the celebrated Beaugency stock, which is claimed to be a spontaneous case of cow-pox, untainted with variolation on one hand, or horse-grease on the other. Thus there are a number of strains of vaccine material: a.    The original cow-pox of Jenner; b.    Equine-pox stock; c.    Swine-pox stock;

		VACCINE STOCK.                                              45 d.    Goat-pox stock; e.   Variola cow-pox of Ceely, and others; f.    Spontaneous cow-pox of Beaugency. "Each of these have passed through many transmissions, and to a certain extent have become crossed or intermixed, and with the exception of what is now called 'calf-lymph,' it is impossible for anybody to tell what he is using. This so-called 'calf-lymph' is offered in two varieties. One of these is claimed to be inoculation from the Beaugency stock, which it is con- fessed, is of unknown origin, and which from the mildness of the vaccine-disorder which it sets up, is of dubious value. "The other variety of 'calf-lymph' is derived from small- poxing a heifer, and from the vesicles thus produced calves are inoculated; these in their turn furnishing the 'lymph' or virus for the human subject. "This furnishes two more varieties of vaccine material: g.    Calf-Beaugency stock; h. Calf-small-pox-cow-pox." —"The Value of Vaccination," pages 37-39, Winterburn. "When the Royal Commission on Vaccination was re- luctantly conceded by the late (Conservative) government in April, 1889, the medical profession was (and still is) in a state of hopeless confusion as to the merits of the various vaccines introduced and recommended by rival purveyors. One variety is used in Germany, another in France, a third in Belgium, and in England all have been tried more or less. It was suggested by the medical press that the Royal Commission should deal with this much vexed phase of the vaccination embroglio; and after the evidence of Dr. Cory, Dr. Gayton, Mr. Farn, and other vaccine experts, it was anticipated the commission would have made a pronouncement on the subject. This professional expectation has not been realized. To illustrate the extent of this medical confusion, and for the information of those who contemplate subjecting their children to the vaccine operation, the writer subjoins a list of some of these vaccines: (1)    The original Jennerian Virus, or Horse-grease Cow- pox. (2)     Woodville's spontaneous Cow-pox Virus, contami- nated with small-pox. (3)     Swine-pox with which Jenner inoculated his eldest

			46                                            VACCINATION A CURSE. son. 'Swine-pox' has no relation to a pig's disease; but is only an old name for the mildest form of small-pox, called also the white small-pox, or pearl-pox. (Crookshank, 'History and Pathology of Vaccination,' Vol. I, page 287.) (4)   Horse-pox or horse-grease passed through the cow. (5)   Spontaneous Cow-pox—the Gloucestershire brand. (6)   Ceely and Babcock's lymph—small-pox passed through the cow. (7 The Beaugency Virus. (8)  The Passy Virus. (9)  Dr. Warlomont's Calf-lymph, in points, tubs or pots of pomade as supplied to the Royal Family in England. (10)   The Lanoline vaccine or vesicle pulp invented by Surgeon-Major W. G. King, and used extensively in India and Burmah. (11)   Donkey-lymph, the discovery of Surgeon O'Hara, and strongly recommended to municipalities in India. (12)   Buffalo-lymph, recommended in India as 'yielding more vesicle-pulp than calves,' but chiefly conspicuous for its abominable odor. (13)   To these must be added the lymph passed through numberless more or less diseased human bodies, which has been shown by high authorities to be capable of spreading lep- rosy, syphilis, and other loathsome and incurable diseases." —Anti-Vaccination League Circular. Dr. Warlomont, of the Government Vaccine Depot, Bel- gium, advises medical practitioners, when families apply for vac- cination, to require such families to furnish their own vaccine material, thus making the family take the risk while the doctor pockets the fee.
		THE TRUE CHARACTER OF ALL ANIMAL "LYMPHS." Since one form of vaccination after another has been tried and then abandoned because of the evil effects which followed, still the doctors and vaccine-farm firms have found the practice

		VACCINE STOCK.                                              47 far too profitable to think of abandoning it; and so from time to time they announce the discovery of a new brand of vaccine material, which they guarantee a gullible public to be double proof against the remotest possibility of danger, and an absolute safeguard against small-pox. "Pure Calf-lymph" is at present the harmless elixir which vaccination promoters offer in the market. Just how this "lymph" is manufactured is one of those mysteries which the vaccine firms never impart to their patrons; and whether the secret is out or not, I know the nature and habits of the species, and propose to throw a search-light upon it long enough to allow the general reader to note a few items regarding its behavior. We have already seen that all vaccine material is animal pus, which is animal tissue in process of decomposition or ret- rograde metamorphosis—but a small remove from absolute rottenness. In other words, it is the serum of a particular dis- ease thrown out upon the skin, and this putrifying serum in- variably contains a specific virus, a putrefactive or septic poison, no matter in what way the putrefaction of animal tissue has been induced. The vaccine pus may be charged with one or a dozen forms of septic poison, according to the nature of the putrifying tissues which have contributed to its production. Nor is the danger lessened, but rather augmented, by subse- quent transmissions, as every additional channel through which it passes will contribute its own taint of involved dis- ease. Dr. T. V. Gifford, of Kokomo, Ind., in an address before the Anti Vaccination Congress in Paris (1889), professes to have learned at least one method of producing vaccine calf- lymph. He says:— "A Boston medical student, whom I had long known as a reliable gentleman, voluntarily informed me how they pro- duced bovine virus at the Boston vaccine farm, where students are permitted to see the whole operation. He said they shave

		48                                      VACCINATION A CURSE. the hair from the udder of the heifer with a razor, then scratch or bruise the udder with a steel-tined instrument and leave it to fester simply from the bruising. Now put this with the follow- ing which I have already quoted form Dr. Spinzig—'Vaccina- tion is tantamount to inoculation and is septic poisoning'—and this from the little Philadelphia book afore mentioned—'that vaccine virus has no special properties inherent to it'—and this from another scientific writer—'All pus of animal organisms has the same specific quality and differs only in strength and de- grees of rottenness or development'—and you have a solution of the whole question, which is simply this: It makes no dif- ference how the pus is produced, whether by bruise, wound or introduction of other pus or other foreign poison. The degree of virulence of the pus is governed by the character of the tis- sue out of which it is formed and the length of time it remains in the sore." Again, "Animal lymph is admitted to be too active, es- pecially in tropical countries, to be used direct; and in gen- eral, therefore, it is available only after one or two removes, when it carries with-it diseases both animal and human, as has been shown in evidence before the Royal Commission on Vac- cination." —"Leprosy and Vaccination," page 181, Wm. Tebb. On this important phase of the vaccination question I will cite a number of authorities who are at the very summit of the medical profession, most of whom will be found quoted in Dr. Scott Tebb's excellent work, "A Century of Vaccination." The London Lancet (June 22, 1878), in a criticism of Dr. Henry A. Martin, observes:— "The notion that animal lymph would be free from chances of syphilitic contamination is so fallacious that we are surprised to see Dr. Martin reproduce it, and so contribute to the per- petuation of the fanciful ideas which too commonly obtain on the origin of vaccino-syphilis. "Dr. Henry M. Lyman observes: 'It is certain that the disturbances, produced by the use of a virus which has been newly derived from the cow, are generally much more marked than the effects which follow the use of a more perfectly hu-

		VACCINE STOCK.                                              49 manized lymph.'" —"American Medical Times" for March 8, 1862. "But there is a special vesicular vaccine eruption attending the acme and decline of the vaccine disease. The Germans have called it 'Nachpocken.' I have often, nay almost always, seen it as a secondary eruption on the teats and udders of the cows immediately before and after the decline of the disease in them. The same I have repeatedly seen in children, especially in the early removes from the cow; and still continue at times to wit- ness it, to the great temporary disfigurement and annoyance of the patient, and the chagrin and vexation of the parent. It is essentially a genuine vaccine secondary eruption. I have wit- nessed it in vaccinating the dog. I have colored illustrations of this secondary eruption in man and animals, and have seen some severe and a few very dangerous cases in children where the skin and visible mucous membranes were copiously occu- pied with it."—Dr. Scott Tebb, page 367. "Vaccination with bovine lymph has brought to light a series of phenomenal symptoms, except to those medical men who have kept fresh in their minds the descriptions of Jenner and the early writers. Jenner described the disease caused by early removes from the cow, and he consequently gave a picture of only the intensest forms of it, in his 'Inquiry' and 'Further Observations.' A glance at the colored engravings in Jenner's great work, in Woodville's, Pearson's, Bryce's, Willan's, and all others, shows that the vesicle was larger and the areola more intensely red than in the cases familiar to us up to the time of the introduction of the Beaugency lymph. The reader of the early vaccinographers can hardly believe there was not some exaggeration in their descriptions of the serious constitutional symptoms, and the bad ulcers which sometimes succeeded vac- cination ; ulcers so bad, indeed, that they had to be treated with solution of white vitrol." —Dr. Thomas F. Wood, New Jersey. "In the report of the Oxford Local Board to the New Jer- sey Board of Health, Dr. L. B. Hoagland, in referring to an ep- idemic of small-pox, says: 'About fifteen hundred persons were vaccinated during its prevalence, one-third of them with human- ized virus, and the remainder with non-humanized bovine virus, the constitutional effect being much the more marked when the

		50                                      VACCINATION A CURSE. latter was used. One child, of five years, lost its life by taking cold in her arm; gangrene set in, and she died from septicaemia. Some of the sores were three or four months in healing." "In my use of bovine lymph it was observed that the vac- cine vesicle resulting was much larger, the areola and inflam- matory induration were more extensive, the crust large, flat, and thin, generally ruptured, and came away before the sore was cicatrised. In two instances the inflammatory action was so high that the vesicle sloughed out en masse, leaving a deep ulcer."—Dr. E. J. Marsh, Board of Health, Patterson, N. J., 1882. Dr. George B. Walker, of Evansville, Ind., writes: "The bovine lymph was more violent and caused troublesome ulcera- tion and sometimes eruption over the body." In the Journal of Cutaneous and Venereal Diseases Dr. Morrow bears out the almost universal opinion of medical men in the United States when he says: "The experiences of the profession in this country with bovine lymph shows that it is slower in its development, more intensely irritant in its local and constitutional effects, and more prolonged in its active con- tinuance." Dr. Alexander Napier, assistant to the professor of Materia Medica, Glasgow University, and physician to the skin depart- ment, Anderson's College Dispensary, calls attention to a cer- tain remarkable group of skin eruptions, which he finds re- ported in the American journals, and with scarcely an exception they related to cases where animal lymph was used. He first refers to instances reported by Dr. Rice in the Chicago Medi- cal Journal and Examiner for February, 1882, in which that gentleman states that "about one in ten of all vaccinated have bad arms, with a high grade of fever, and eruption resembling somewhat that of Roseda or German measles." —Dr. Scott Tebb, page 373. Dr. Pierce, quoted by Scott Tebb, writes: "Judging from the number of times I have been questioned by anxious parents on the meaning of these eruptions, I believe with Dr. Holt that the fact of their liability to follow vaccination should be widely known." "In nearly every instance I have mentioned in which spon- taneous generalized eruptions followed vaccination, the lymph

		VACCINE STOCK.                                                5l used was animal lymph, not humanized lymph. What does this indicate? That, as Dr. Cameron, M. P., once argued before this society, the nearer the virus to its original source in the days of Jenner, the stronger it is, and the more efficient the protec- tion it affords? Without venturing to give any opinion as to the greater efficacy of calf lymph vaccination as a prophylactic against small-pox—a matter which can only be settled on the basis of a wide statistical inquiry—it seems very clear that in animal lymph we have a more powerful material, one which more deeply and obviously affects the system than our ordinary humanized lymph, if the degree of constitutional disturbance is to be taken as an index of the effectual working of the virus." —Dr. Napier, Glasgow Medical Journal, June, 1883. More recently we find in an article on "Small-pox in San Francisco," by Dr. S. S. Herrick, the following remarks: "Be- sides the uncertainty of the bovine virus, there are other fea- tures of common occurrence, which are not pleasant and which are not found in the human product. The sores are apt to be quite serious in character; a considerable eruption on the body is liable to take place; and the points of vaccination frequently develop a raspberry-like excrescence (sometimes a true ecchy- mosis) which may remain for weeks, and is often mistaken by the inexperienced for the normal result of vaccination."
		GLYCERINATED LYMPH. When the "pure calf-lymph" was found to be uniformly harsh in its effects, and to be attended with extensive eruptions and ulceration, a new device was invented by the manufacturers of the vaccine stock for commercial purposes—a device to still further mask its insidious and destructive work. This was to add glycerine to the so-called lymph, which, it is claimed, de- stroys all micro-organisms except the vaccine germ that is wanted. In the first place, this is an admission that the lymph without the glycerine, which had already been in use for years, really contained micro-organisms in addition to the vaccine germs, which therefore embraced a real element of danger; and in the second place, the virtues claimed for glycerine are pure assumption, without a shadow of evidence to sustain it.

		52                                       VACCINATION A CURSE. "The perennial cry of public vaccinators (when they are confronted with the results) is that the lymph is 'unsatisfactory.' Animal lymph is often attended with excessive inflammation, and the practitioner is obliged to dilute it with glycerine, lano- line, and other substances, and its use is much more expensive. Moreover, a good deal of the so-called animal lymph in vogue is only arm-to-arm vaccine, inoculated into calves, buffaloes, sheep, and donkeys, and partakes of the diseases both of man and of animals. Of the many cases of ulcerative and of fatal vaccination which have come under my notice during the past twenty years not a few have been due to the use of carefully selected animal vaccine."—"Leprosy and Vaccination," page 381. Wm. Tebb. "Dr. Lurman, of Bremen, gives an account of an epidemic of catarrhal jaundice in 1883-84, in a large ship-building and ma- chine-making establishment in that town, which is of interest from the fact that the patients had been re-vaccinated with glycerinated lymph. One hundred and ninety-one persons were attacked. The disease began with symptoms of gastric and in- testinal catarrh, which persisted a week or more, until jaundice appeared. The symptoms comprised epigastric oppression, anorexia, vomiting, faintness, and there was usually constipa- tion. Yellow vision occurred in a few instances. In one case the patient suffered from general dropsy with cerebral symp- toms, but none of the cases were fatal. Eighty-seven persons in the establishment, who were re-vaccinated by other surgeons and other lymph, remained unaffected. Dr. Edwards, who re- lates these cases in the London Medical Record of April 15, 1885, (Vol. XIII, page 142), remarks that the epidemic 'was causally connected with the re-vaccination, in some way or other." "A feature of glycerinated lymph appears to be that, when it takes, great intensity of action is observed, both local and general. Thus Dr. James Cantlie refers to 'much constitutional disturbance' produced by Japanese lymph. I may also allude to an article by Dr. Robert J. Carter. He details the results of 319 re-vaccinations with glycerinated calf-lymph. He observes that in 106 of the patients the axillary glands were 'large, hard, and tender, and in some instances exquisitely painful;' in three of the cases the glands above the collar-bone were also affected.

		VACCINE STOCK.                                             53 In nine cases lymphangitis was present, the lymphatic vessels being felt as hard, swollen, tender cords along the course of the axillary vessels. In ninety-eight of the patients there was oedema and induration of the arm, and these manifestations were of a 'curiously persistent character.' Dr. Carter remarked that they were apparently dependent on the intensity of the local inflammation at the site of the vaccination." "Abundant evidence of the danger of glycerinated lymph is adduced in Appendix IX to the Final Report of the Royal Commission. The cases are, of course, mostly erysipelas or of a septic nature; and, without including those of a less severe character, they number 84, and of these no less than 24 were fatal."—"A Century of Vaccination," Dr. Scott Tebb, page 382. "I emphasize the point, that no lymph, whether human or animal, or adulterated with other substances, can be guaran- teed as free from danger."—Ibid., page 386. "Glycerine is a nutritive medium for the growth of putre- factive and other germs and being fluid, the germs soon pervade it throughout; and, as a fact, this preparation (glycerinated lymph) in India soon becomes putrid and septically dangerous." Indian Lancet, March 4, 1897. Dr. T. S. Hopkins, of Thomasville, Ga., wrote a communi- cation concerning the results that followed the use of "patent solid lymph:"— "Our town authorities have employed a physician to vacci- nate all persons who present themselves for the purpose. The virus was procured from the New England Vaccine Company, Chelsea, Mass., as 'bovine matter.' The result has been fearful. Nearly every one vaccinated has suffered severely from ery- thema or erysipelas, the arm swollen from shoulder to wrist, and the point of puncture presenting the appearance of a sloughing ulcer, discharging freely sanious pus. Many of the sufferers have been confined to bed, with high fever, from five to ten days, requiring the constant application of poultices to the arm, and a free use of morphia for the relief of pain. I deem it my duty to inform you of the result here from the matter used and from whence it came. It came in cones, each one said to con-

		54                                            VACCINATION A CURSE. tain enough to vaccinate one hundred persons, at a cost of one dollar per cone. Those who have tried it tell me they would much prefer to have small-pox."—From the National Board of Health Bulletin, Washington, D. C, March 4, 1882. "We have no known test by which we could possibly dis- tinguish between a lymph which was harmless and one which was harmful to the extent of communicating syphilis."—Dr. Crookshank, Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology. Thus I might multiply testimonies indefinitely regarding the wide-spread injury which has allowed the use of all forms of animalized and humanized grades of vaccine material. Glyce- rinated lymph and all modern brands of vaccine stock are only new devices to make an old discredited virus acceptable; and the chief reason why they continue to be inflicted on the long suffering public, is because that public have no intelligent un- derstanding of the insidious effects or the grave dangers that re- sult from this ruinous practice. Neither the parent or the doctor has any means of judging the quality of the vaccine virus used, since it is an article of commerce; and its production is not only associated with mer- cenary motives, but with empirical science as well. Commerce has usurped the field here as everywhere else, and the doctor— who is merely a "middle man" between the vaccine dealer and the vaccinated—knows no more about the composition of his stock, either in its occult properties or vital chemistry, than he does about his baking powders or canned beef; whether the former are free from alum adulteration, or whether the latter has passed through the hands of the embalmer. We know at least that from first to last the whole consignment of horse- grease-cow-pox-syphilized-vaccine pus is now, has been, and is destined to continue the most damnable stuff that was ever ad- mitted into the category of commercialized medical practice. We may soon expect that the various vaccine farms will be massed into one gigantic trust, with a lobby at Washington and

			VACCINE STOCK.
					55
		money to secure federal enforcement of a more stringent com- pulsory vaccination act for the entire country! "And the beast causeth all * * to receive a mark on their arm * * and no man might buy or sell, save him that had the mark * * and there fell a noisome and grievous sore upon such as had the mark of the beast."—Rev. xvi-2. Every child successfully vaccinated will carry on its body the scar—the brute-caused scar, the grievous sore, the scar of the "beast" till death.

				CHAPTER III.
			VACCINATION FAILS TO PROTECT.
		The flattering promises made by Jenner and other advo- cates of his school, that cow-pox is an absolute and infallible protection against small-pox, we have repeatedly seen is contra- dicted by the concurrent testimony of the highest medical au- thorities in all civilized countries, as also by the facts with which we are daily confronted, but more especially in seasons of small- pox epidemic. During the last twenty years all the leading countries of the world have expended every effort to render vaccination general and complete. Compulsory laws have been enacted, an army of vaccinators put into the field, tens of thous- ands of prosecutions have been brought, together with fines and imprisonments, against those who refused to comply with the provisions of arbitrary legislation, and millions of dollars have been expended to make vaccination universal. And I ask, what beneficent result has been accomplished by this unparalleled vigilance and expenditure? None. The average death rate from zymotics has not diminished, except where improved san- itary regulations have been adopted, and even there small-pox has not diminished in a greater ratio than scarlatina or diph- theria, as it should if the claims for vaccination had any valid basis or justification in recorded facts. Just in proportion as vaccination has modified the symptoms of small-pox it has ag- gravated other forms of infection, as will be amply shown in

Part 2 of Compulsory Vaccination ...    Back to Index