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KeyWord_Index Index/Link_Pages Search_Our_Site Home_Page Index_Page Smallpox Alert! |
Disease | Year |
---|---|
Smallpox* | 1798+ |
Rabies | 1885+ |
Typhoid | 1896+ |
Cholera | 1896+ |
Plague | 1897+ |
Diphtheria* | 1923+ |
Pertussis* | 1926+ |
Tetanus* | 1927+ |
Tuberculosis | 1927+ |
Influenza | 1945& |
Yellow fever | 1953& |
Poliomyelitis* | 1955& |
Measles* | 1963& |
Mumps* | 1967& |
Rubella* | 1969& |
Anthrax | 1970& |
Meningitis | 1975& |
Pneumonia | 1977& |
Adenovirus | 1980& |
Hepatitis B* | 1981& |
Haemophilus influenzae type b* | 1985& |
Japanese encephalitis | 1992& |
Hepatitis A | 1995& |
Varicella* | 1995& |
Lyme disease | 1998& |
Rotavirus* | 1998& |
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles
Regulation of Vaccines: Strengthening the Science Base
Journal of Public Health Policy, 2004 by Milstien, Julie B
Selected Quotes:
PDF Version:
History of vaccine regulation (1)
The United States FDA, the agency responsible for regulatory oversight of vaccines in the US, recently celebrated its 100th anniversary, commemorating the passage of the Biologies Control Act by Congress on 1 July 1902. Like other major changes in vaccine regulation that would follow, this first step was in response to a tragic event: the death of 13 children in St. Louis in 1901 who had received diphtheria antitoxin that had been accidentally contaminated with tetanus. The horse from which the antitoxin had been prepared had contracted tetanus and had been killed, but the serum was not destroyed. This was followed by a similar contamination of smallpox vaccine, also in 1901, when nine children in Camden, NJ, died of tetanus after receiving this vaccine.
www.jphp.umb.edu/documents/204-041_health_25_2_milstien.pdf
commentary on above article:
www.jphp.umb.edu/documents/204-041_health_25_2_homma_pf.pdf
From: www.jphp.umb.edu/documents/204-041_health_25_2_milstien.pdf
milstien - regulation of vaccines 175
ta b l e 1
Development of Commonly Used Vaccines
Year first
Vaccine developed Comments
Smallpox 1798 Used since 1800 in US, routinely since begin-
ning of 20th century; current formulation
available in 1950s; new formulations being
developed for bioterror stockpiles
Rabies 1885 Human diploid cell culture vaccine developed
in 1967; current cell culture vaccines avail-
able in US since 1980's
Bacille Calmette-
Guérin (BCG) 1921 In France
Diphtheria toxoid 1921 Licensed in 1926 and used in early 1930s in
US; widespread use after 1948 as part of DTwP
Pertussis 1926 Introduced in US in 1948 as part of DTwP
(whole cell); acellular pertussis vaccine
licensed for infants in 1996
Tetanus toxoid 1924 Licensed in US in 1933 and introduced in
1948 as part of DTwP
Yellow fever 1937 Current leucose-free thermostable formula-
tion grown on chick embryo cells developed
in early 1980s
Inactivated
polio (IPV) 1955 Enhanced formulation licensed in 1987 in US
Oral polio (OPV) 1955 Introduced in US in 1961 and trivalent for-
mulation licensed in 1963
Measles 1963 Current strain licensed in US in 1968
Rubella 1969 Current formulation licensed in 1979
Hepatitis B 1981 Plasma derived strain. Recombinant product
licensed in US in 1986, and in 1991 recom-
mended for widespread infant use